RRB GROUP D 2025 Syllogism Questions and Answers

Syllogism is an essential topic in the reasoning section of the RRB Group D 2025 exam. It evaluates a candidate’s ability to analyze logical relationships between different statements and derive valid conclusions. In this article, we will discuss the concept of syllogism, types of questions, solving techniques, and sample questions with answers to help you prepare effectively.

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Understanding Syllogism

Syllogism questions in the RRB Group D exam typically consist of two or more statements followed by conclusions. Candidates must determine whether the given conclusions logically follow from the statements using logical deduction rules.

Key Concepts in Syllogism:

• Statements: Given premises that provide information.
• Conclusions: Possible deductions based on the given statements.
• Logical Venn Diagrams: A common approach to solving syllogism questions using set theory.

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Types of Syllogism Questions

1. Universal Statements
   • All A are B
   • No A is B
2. Particular Statements
   • Some A are B
   • Some A are not B
3. Possibility-Based Conclusions
   • Statements that include “It is possible that…”
4. Negative Statements
   • Questions involving denial or contradiction of given facts.

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How to Solve Syllogism Questions?

1. Understand the given statements clearly.
2. Use Venn Diagrams for accurate representation.
3. Check for direct and indirect conclusions.
4. Apply logical rules to determine validity.
5. Avoid assumptions beyond the given information.

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Sample Syllogism Questions with Answers

Question 1:

Statements:

1. All cats are animals.
2. Some animals are dogs.

Conclusions:

1. Some dogs are cats.
2. Some animals are cats.

Answer:

• Conclusion 1 does not follow (no direct relation between cats and dogs).
• Conclusion 2 follows (as per statement 1, all cats are animals).

Question 2:

Statements:

1. All pens are books.
2. No book is a table.

Conclusions:

1. Some pens are tables.
2. No pen is a table.

Answer:

• Conclusion 1 does not follow.
• Conclusion 2 follows.

Question 3:

Statements:

1. Some birds are parrots.
2. All parrots are green.

Conclusions:

1. Some birds are green.
2. Some parrots are not birds.

Answer:

• Conclusion 1 follows.
• Conclusion 2 does not follow.

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Tips for Solving Syllogism Questions in RRB Group D Exam

• Always use Venn Diagrams for clarity.
• Pay attention to keywords like “All,” “Some,” “No.”
• Do not assume anything outside the given statements.
• Practice different question types to improve accuracy and speed.
• Stay updated with exam patterns and solve previous year papers.

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Example 1:

Statements:

1. All pens are books.
2. Some books are pencils.

Conclusions:
I. Some pens are pencils.
II. Some pencils are books.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (❌ False) → “All pens are books” and “Some books are pencils” does not guarantee that pens and pencils overlap.
• Conclusion II (✔ True) → “Some books are pencils” implies “Some pencils are books” (conversion).

Answer: Only conclusion II follows.

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Example 2:

Statements:

1. No tiger is a lion.
2. Some lions are cats.

Conclusions:
I. Some cats are not tigers.
II. No tiger is a cat.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (✔ True) → Since some lions are cats and no tiger is a lion, some cats (those that are lions) are not tigers.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → We don’t know if any tigers are cats. The statements don’t provide this information.

Answer: Only conclusion I follows.

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Example 3:

Statements:

1. Some apples are bananas.
2. All bananas are oranges.

Conclusions:
I. Some apples are oranges.
II. All apples are oranges.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (✔ True) → Since some apples are bananas and all bananas are oranges, some apples must be oranges.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → Only some apples are oranges, not necessarily all.

Answer: Only conclusion I follows.

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Example 4:

Statements:

1. Some dogs are animals.
2. All animals are mammals.

Conclusions:
I. Some dogs are mammals.
II. All dogs are mammals.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (✔ True) → Since some dogs are animals and all animals are mammals, some dogs must be mammals.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → Only some dogs are confirmed to be mammals, not all.

Answer: Only conclusion I follows.

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Example 5 (Possibility-Based):

Statements:

1. Some chairs are tables.
2. No table is a bed.

Conclusions:
I. Some chairs are not beds.
II. No chair is a bed.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (✔ True) → Since some chairs are tables and no table is a bed, those chairs must not be beds.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → Only some chairs are confirmed not to be beds, but others could still be beds.

Answer: Only conclusion I follows.

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Key Takeaways for RRB Group D Syllogism:

✔ Learn conversions:

• “Some A are B” ⇒ “Some B are A”
• “No A is B” ⇒ “No B is A”

Example 6: (Basic Syllogism)

Statements:

1. All roses are flowers.
2. Some flowers fade quickly.

Conclusions:
I. Some roses fade quickly.
II. Some flowers that fade quickly are roses.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (❌ False) → Just because some flowers fade quickly doesn’t mean roses are included.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → No direct connection is given between roses and fading flowers.

Answer: Neither conclusion follows.

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Example 7: (Possibility Case)

Statements:

1. Some cats are dogs.
2. All dogs are animals.

Conclusions:
I. Some cats are animals.
II. All cats are animals.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (✔ True) → Since some cats are dogs and all dogs are animals, those cats must be animals.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → Only some cats are confirmed to be animals, not necessarily all.

Answer: Only conclusion I follows.

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Example 8: (Negative Statement)

Statements:

1. No phone is a charger.
2. Some chargers are wires.

Conclusions:
I. Some wires are not phones.
II. No phone is a wire.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (✔ True) → Since some chargers are wires and no phone is a charger, those wires are not phones.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → The statements don’t rule out the possibility of phones being wires directly.

Answer: Only conclusion I follows.

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Example 9: (Three-Statement Syllogism)

Statements:

1. All apples are fruits.
2. Some fruits are sweet.
3. No sweet thing is bitter.

Conclusions:
I. Some apples are sweet.
II. No fruit is bitter.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (❌ False) → Apples are fruits, but we don’t know if they are part of the “sweet” ones.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → Only “no sweet thing is bitter,” but some non-sweet fruits could still be bitter.

Answer: Neither conclusion follows.

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Example 10: (Tricky Reverse Logic)

Statements:

1. Some teachers are students.
2. All students are learners.

Conclusions:
I. Some learners are teachers.
II. All teachers are learners.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (✔ True) → Since some teachers are students and all students are learners, some teachers must be learners.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → Only some teachers are confirmed as learners, not all.

Answer: Only conclusion I follows.

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Example 11: (Either-Or Case)

Statements:

1. All cars are vehicles.
2. Some bikes are not cars.

Conclusions:
I. Some bikes are vehicles.
II. Some vehicles are not bikes.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (❌ Can’t say) → No direct relation between bikes and vehicles is given.
• Conclusion II (✔ True) → Since all cars are vehicles and some bikes are not cars, some vehicles (cars) are not bikes.

Answer: Only conclusion II follows.

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Example 12: (Complementary Pair)

Statements:

1. Some doctors are surgeons.
2. No surgeon is a nurse.

Conclusions:
I. Some doctors are not nurses.
II. All nurses are doctors.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (✔ True) → Since some doctors are surgeons and no surgeon is a nurse, those doctors cannot be nurses.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → The statements don’t support this.

Answer: Only conclusion I follows.

Key Tips for RRB Group D Syllogism:

✔ Memorize rules:

• “All A are B” → “Some A are B” (implication).
• “No A is B” → “No B is A” (reversible).
• “Some A are B” → “Some B are A” (reversible).

✔ Venn diagrams help visualize.
✔ “Some + No = No conclusion” (if no direct link).

Advanced Syllogism Examples

Example 13: (Hidden Negative Logic)

Statements:

1. Some keys are locks.
2. No lock is a chain.

Conclusions:
I. Some keys are not chains.
II. No key is a chain.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (✔ True) → Since some keys are locks and no lock is a chain, those keys cannot be chains.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → Only some keys are confirmed as non-chains, but others could still be chains.

Answer: Only conclusion I follows.

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Example 14: (Double “Some” Statements)

Statements:

1. Some mobiles are tablets.
2. Some tablets are laptops.

Conclusions:
I. Some mobiles are laptops.
II. Some laptops are mobiles.

Solution:

• Both Conclusions (❌ False) → “Some + Some = No conclusion” (unless a direct connection is given).

Answer: Neither follows.

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Example 15: (All + No = No)

Statements:

1. All rings are circles.
2. No circle is a square.

Conclusions:
I. No ring is a square.
II. Some circles are rings.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (✔ True) → If all rings are circles and no circle is a square, rings can’t be squares.
• Conclusion II (✔ True) → “All rings are circles” implies “Some circles are rings.”

Answer: Both follow.

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Tricky Either-Or Cases

In exams, conclusions like “Either A or B follows” appear. Here’s how to solve them:

Example 16:

Statements:

1. Some hats are caps.
2. All caps are covers.

Conclusions:
I. Some covers are hats.
II. No hat is a cover.

Solution:

• Conclusion I (✔ True) → Some hats are caps, and all caps are covers ⇒ Some covers are hats.
• Conclusion II (❌ False) → Contradicts the first conclusion.
• But if Conclusion II was “Some hats are not covers,” it would be a case of “Either I or II follows.”

Answer: Only conclusion I follows here.

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Mini Mock Test (5 Questions)

Time: 5 mins | Level: Moderate

Q1. Statements:

1. Some doors are windows.
2. All windows are glasses.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some glasses are doors.
   II. All doors are glasses.

Q2. Statements:

1. No fish is a bird.
2. Some birds are eagles.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some eagles are not fish.
   II. No eagle is a fish.

Q3. Statements:

1. All pens are inks.
2. Some inks are papers.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some pens are papers.
   II. Some papers are pens.

Q4. Statements:

1. Some teachers are writers.
2. All writers are poets.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some poets are teachers.
   II. All teachers are poets.

Q5. Statements:

1. No cup is a plate.
2. Some plates are bowls.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some bowls are not cups.
   II. No bowl is a cup.

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Answers & Explanations

Q1:

• I. ✔ (Some doors → windows → glasses ⇒ Some glasses are doors).
• II. ❌ (No info on “all doors”).
  Answer: Only I follows.

Q2:

• I. ✔ (Some birds are eagles + No fish is a bird ⇒ Some eagles are not fish).
• II. ❌ (Can’t say “no eagle is fish” because some birds might not be eagles).
  Answer: Only I follows.

Q3:

• I. ❌ (No direct pen-paper link).
• II. ❌ (Same as I).
  Answer: Neither follows.

Q4:

• I. ✔ (Some teachers → writers → poets ⇒ Some poets are teachers).
• II. ❌ (Only some teachers are poets).
  Answer: Only I follows.

Q5:

• I. ✔ (Some plates are bowls + No cup is a plate ⇒ Those bowls are not cups).
• II. ❌ (Only some bowls are confirmed as non-cups).
  Answer: Only I follows.

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Final Tips for RRB Group D 2025:

1. Master reversals:
   • “All A are B” ⇒ “Some B are A.”
   • “Some A are B” ⇒ “Some B are A.”
2. “No A is B” is reversible.
3. Venn diagrams prevent errors in overlapping cases.
4. Either-or conclusions usually appear when one conclusion is the negation of the other.

Level 1: Basic Syllogism (5 Questions)

Q1.
Statements:

1. All pens are erasers.
2. Some erasers are pencils.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some pens are pencils.
   II. Some pencils are erasers.

Q2.
Statements:

1. No cat is a dog.
2. All dogs are animals.
   Conclusions:
   I. No cat is an animal.
   II. Some animals are not cats.

Q3.
Statements:

1. Some books are novels.
2. All novels are stories.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some stories are books.
   II. All books are stories.

Q4.
Statements:

1. All shirts are clothes.
2. Some clothes are cotton.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some shirts are cotton.
   II. Some cotton is shirt.

Q5.
Statements:

1. Some mobiles are Samsung.
2. All Samsung are Android.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some Android are mobiles.
   II. All mobiles are Android.

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Level 2: Moderate Difficulty (5 Questions)

Q6.
Statements:

1. Some teachers are doctors.
2. No doctor is an engineer.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some teachers are not engineers.
   II. No teacher is an engineer.

Q7.
Statements:

1. All roses are flowers.
2. Some flowers fade.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some roses fade.
   II. Some fading things are roses.

Q8.
Statements:

1. No laptop is a tablet.
2. Some tablets are phones.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some phones are not laptops.
   II. No phone is a laptop.

Q9.
Statements:

1. Some actors are singers.
2. All singers are dancers.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some dancers are actors.
   II. All actors are dancers.

Q10.
Statements:

1. All cars are vehicles.
2. Some bikes are not cars.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some bikes are vehicles.
   II. Some vehicles are not bikes.

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Level 3: Advanced & Exam-Level Tricky (5 Questions)

Q11.
Statements:

1. Some A are B.
2. All B are C.
3. No C is D.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some A are not D.
   II. No B is D.

Q12.
Statements:

1. No tree is a plant.
2. Some plants are herbs.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some herbs are not trees.
   II. No herb is a tree.

Q13.
Statements:

1. All X are Y.
2. Some Y are Z.
3. Some Z are X.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some Z are Y.
   II. All X are Z.

Q14.
Statements:

1. Some keys are locks.
2. All locks are doors.
3. No door is a window.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some keys are not windows.
   II. All doors being keys is a possibility.

Q15.
Statements:

1. Some cats are dogs.
2. All dogs are animals.
3. No animal is a bird.
   Conclusions:
   I. Some cats are not birds.
   II. No dog is a bird.

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Solutions & Shortcuts

Level 1 Answers:

A1.

• I. ❌ (No direct pen-pencil link)
• II. ✔ (Some erasers are pencils ⇒ Some pencils are erasers)
  Ans: Only II

A2.

• I. ❌ (Cats could still be other animals)
• II. ✔ (All dogs are animals + No cat is dog ⇒ Some animals are not cats)
  Ans: Only II

A3.

• I. ✔ (Some books → novels → stories ⇒ Some stories are books)
• II. ❌ (Only some books are stories)
  Ans: Only I

A4.

• I. ❌ (No direct shirt-cotton link)
• II. ❌ (Same as I)
  Ans: Neither

A5.

• I. ✔ (Some mobiles → Samsung → Android ⇒ Some Android are mobiles)
• II. ❌ (Only some mobiles are Android)
  Ans: Only I

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Level 2 Answers:

A6.

• I. ✔ (Some teachers are doctors + No doctor is engineer ⇒ Some teachers are not engineers)
• II. ❌ (Only some teachers confirmed)
  Ans: Only I

A7.

• I. ❌ (No direct rose-fade link)
• II. ❌ (Same as I)
  Ans: Neither

A8.

• I. ✔ (Some tablets are phones + No laptop is tablet ⇒ Some phones are not laptops)
• II. ❌ (Only some phones confirmed)
  Ans: Only I

A9.

• I. ✔ (Some actors → singers → dancers ⇒ Some dancers are actors)
• II. ❌ (Only some actors are dancers)
  Ans: Only I

A10.

• I. ❌ (No bike-vehicle link)
• II. ✔ (All cars are vehicles + Some bikes are not cars ⇒ Some vehicles are not bikes)
  Ans: Only II

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Level 3 Answers:

A11.

• I. ✔ (Some A → B → C + No C is D ⇒ Some A are not D)
• II. ✔ (All B are C + No C is D ⇒ No B is D)
  Ans: Both

A12.

• I. ✔ (Some plants are herbs + No tree is plant ⇒ Some herbs are not trees)
• II. ❌ (Possibility, but not definite)
  Ans: Only I

A13.

• I. ✔ (Some Y are Z ⇒ Some Z are Y)
• II. ❌ (No all X-Z link)
  Ans: Only I

A14.

• I. ✔ (Some keys → locks → doors + No door is window ⇒ Some keys are not windows)
• II. ✔ (Possibility exists)
  Ans: Both

A15.

• I. ✔ (Some cats → dogs → animals + No animal is bird ⇒ Some cats are not birds)
• II. ✔ (All dogs are animals + No animal is bird ⇒ No dog is bird)
  Ans: Both

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Final Tips for RRB Group D 2025:

1. “Some + All = Some” (e.g., Some A are B + All B are C ⇒ Some A are C).
2. “No + Some = Some not” (e.g., No A is B + Some B are C ⇒ Some C are not A).
3. “All A are B” ⇒ “Some B are A” (Implication rule).
4. Venn diagrams solve 90% of problems quickly.