current affairs from February 2, 2025, relevant for UPSC preparation

Union Budget 2025-26 Presented

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman unveiled the Union Budget for 2025-26, emphasizing measures to boost the spending power of the middle class and promote inclusive growth. Key announcements included significant personal tax cuts, with the tax exemption threshold raised to ₹1.2 million annually and reduced tax rates for higher incomes. The budget also proposed increased capital expenditure to stimulate economic growth and introduced initiatives to enhance farm output and support private investment.

reuters.com

World Wetlands Day Observed

On February 2, 2025, World Wetlands Day was celebrated globally to raise awareness about the critical importance of wetlands. This year’s theme, “Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future,” underscored the need for collaborative efforts to conserve these ecosystems, which are vital for biodiversity, climate mitigation, and freshwater availability. The day also marked the anniversary of the Convention on Wetlands, adopted in 1971.

worldwetlandsday.org

Surat Airport Attains International Status

The Indian government granted international status to Surat Airport in Gujarat, aiming to enhance global connectivity for the region. This move is expected to boost trade, tourism, and economic development in Surat and its surrounding areas, providing a significant impetus to the local economy.

Kalaignar Sports Kit Initiative Launched in Tamil Nadu

The Tamil Nadu government launched the Kalaignar Sports Kit Initiative to promote sports at the grassroots level. Under this program, sports kits will be distributed to 12,000 village panchayats across the state, aiming to nurture young talent and encourage participation in various sports disciplines.

Karnataka Introduces Digital Detox Initiative

In response to growing concerns over digital addiction among youth, the Karnataka government announced a digital detox program. The initiative focuses on promoting responsible gaming habits and reducing screen time, encouraging young individuals to engage in physical activities and face-to-face social interactions.

Antisemitic Vandalism in Sydney

Sydney experienced a series of antisemitic vandalism incidents, with anti-Jewish graffiti found on cars, garages, and homes. These acts have prompted widespread condemnation from community leaders and authorities, highlighting the need for increased vigilance and education to combat hate crimes.

Flood Evacuation Warnings in Townsville, Queensland

Severe monsoon rains in Townsville, Queensland, led to significant flooding, prompting authorities to issue evacuation warnings. Residents in affected areas were advised to relocate to safer zones as emergency services worked to manage the situation and provide assistance to those impacted.

Fires in Victoria’s Grampians National Park

Uncontrolled wildfires broke out in the Grampians National Park in Victoria, leading to evacuation orders for nearby communities. Firefighting teams were deployed to contain the blazes, which threatened local wildlife and natural habitats, underscoring the region’s vulnerability to bushfires.

Opposition Leader Links Protests to Antisemitic Incidents

Australian Opposition Leader Peter Dutton connected recent pro-Palestine protests to a surge in antisemitic graffiti, sparking political debate. His comments have led to discussions about the balance between free expression and the prevention of hate speech, as well as the responsibilities of public figures in addressing such issues.

Labor Government Shelves Environmental Laws Overhaul

The Australian government decided to postpone plans to overhaul environmental laws, citing the need for further consultation. This move has drawn criticism from environmental groups advocating for stronger protections and has opened discussions on the balance between development and environmental conservation.

Dip in Auction Activities in Australia

Economic reports indicated a decline in auction activities across Australia, suggesting a potential cooling in the housing market. Factors contributing to this trend may include rising interest rates, affordability issues, and changing buyer sentiment, prompting analysts to monitor the situation closely.

Anticipation of Interest Rate Cut by Reserve Bank of Australia

Speculations arose about a possible interest rate cut by the Reserve Bank of Australia to stimulate economic growth amid global uncertainties. Economists are debating the potential impacts of such a move on inflation, consumer spending, and the broader economy.

Key Financial Changes in the UK for 2025

The UK announced several financial changes set to take effect in 2025, including increases in the energy price cap, bus fares, and alcohol duty rates. Additionally, rail fares and council tax are expected to rise, prompting households to prepare for higher living costs.

Minimum Wage Increase in the UK

The UK government confirmed a significant rise in the minimum wage, benefiting younger workers and apprentices. This move aims to improve living standards and reduce income inequality, though businesses are assessing the potential impact on operating costs.

State Pension Increase in the UK

Due to the triple lock guarantee, the UK state pension will see an increase, providing financial relief to retirees. This policy ensures that pensions rise in line with the highest of average earnings growth, inflation, or 2.5%, supporting the elderly population’s purchasing power.

Tax Return Deadlines in the UK

Individuals in the UK are reminded of tax return deadlines on January 31 and October 31, crucial for financial planning. Meeting these deadlines is essential to avoid penalties and ensure compliance with tax obligations.

Opportunity to Claim Winter Fuel Payments in the UK

Eligible individuals can claim Winter Fuel Payments before January 29 to assist with heating costs. This initiative aims to support vulnerable populations during the colder months, helping them manage energy expenses.

Self-Assessment Tax Return Deadline in the UK

The self-assessment tax return deadline is on January 31, urging timely submissions to avoid penalties. Taxpayers are encouraged to file accurately and promptly to remain in good standing with tax authorities.

End of State Pension Top-Up Opportunity in the UK

The ability to top up the state pension with historical national insurance contributions ends on April 5. Individuals are advised to assess their pension status and consider making additional contributions before the deadline to enhance their retirement benefits.

Utility Bills and Household Expenses Set to Rise in the UK

Consumers are advised to prepare for increases in utility bills and other household expenses, underscoring the need for budget adjustments. Staying informed about these changes can help households manage their

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